In August 2026, the US Treasury market, the anchor of global asset pricing, saw sharp volatility, with long-dated bond yields surging to multi-decade highs. Total US federal debt topped $40 trillion, the Treasury stepped up buyback operations to stabilize the market, while major overseas holders continued to offload US debt, putting mounting pressure on the global bond market.
On August 18, the 30-year US Treasury yield climbed to 5.34 intraday, the highest level since 2007, a nearly 19-year peak. The benchmark 10-year yield rose above 4.75%, and the 20-year Treasury auction yielded 5.204%, the highest since July 2004. The rapid rise in long-term rates has pushed up the US government’s borrowing costs and exerted downward pressure on global equities, foreign exchange and commodity pricing.
To counter the bond selloff, the US Treasury announced on August 19 that it would at least double its liquidity buyback program for 10‑ to 30‑year bonds, raising the size from $2 billion to $4 billion per operation, running from September to November, aiming to boost market liquidity and cap runaway yields. While the 30-year yield dipped briefly after the announcement, market sentiment weakened again, with the yield rebounding to around 5.275%, showing limited stabilization effects.
Fundamental debt pressures remain severe. Total US public debt officially surpassed $40 trillion in August, with interest payments for fiscal 2026 reaching $1.17 trillion. Mounting fiscal deficits, sticky inflation above the Fed’s 2% target and concerns over debt sustainability have driven overseas investors to cut US Treasury holdings. Latest data showed foreign holdings fell by $72.1 billion month-on-month in June, with three months of declines in four months, dropping to $9.299 trillion. Japan, the largest overseas creditor, reduced its holdings by $26.4 billion in a single month, with cumulative sales exceeding $120 billion from February to June; China also cut its US debt holdings by over $60 billion. The collective drawdown by global creditors has worsened supply‑demand imbalances in the US Treasury market.
Analysts noted that the current rise in Treasury yields reflects a repricing of fiscal risk premiums, and the Treasury’s buyback scale is modest relative to the massive outstanding debt. If inflation rebounds, the Fed keeps interest rates high, and US debt continues to expand, long-dated yields may edge higher, which will persistently disrupt global capital flows, emerging market currencies and the profitability of cross-border e-commerce and export enterprises.